1. Behrman SW, Fabian TC, Kudsk KA, Taylor JC. Improved outcome with femur fractures: early vs. delayed fixation. J Trauma 1990;30:792-797.
2. Bone LB, Johnson KD, Weigelt J, Scheinberg R. Early versus delayed stabilization of femoral fractures. A prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989;71:336-340.
3. Bone LB, Johnson KD, Weigelt J, Scheinberg R. Early versus delayed stabilization of femoral fractures: a prospective randomized study. 1989. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004;11-16.
4. Goris RJ, Gimbrere JS, van Niekerk JL, Schoots FJ, Booy LH. Early osteosynthesis and prophylactic mechanical ventilation in the multitrauma patient. J Trauma 1982;22:895-903.
5. Johnson KD, Cadambi A, Seibert GB. Incidence of adult respiratory distress syndrome in patients with multiple musculoskeletal injuries: effect of early operative stabilization of fractures. J Trauma 1985;25:375-384.
6. Riska EB, von Bonsdorff H, Hakkinen S, Jaroma H, Kiviluoto O, Paavilainen T. Prevention of fat embolism by early internal fixation of fractures in patients with multiple injuries. Injury 1976;8:110-116.
7. Ruedi T, Wolff G. Prevention of post-traumatic complications through immediate therapy in patients with multiple injuries and fractures. Helv Chir Acta 1975;42:507-512.
8. Lange RH, Bach AW, Hansen ST, Johansen KH. Open tibial fractures with associated vascular injuries: prognosis for limb salvage. J Trauma 1985;25:203-208.
9. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58:453-458.
10. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma 1984;24:742-746.
11. Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, Quaba AA, Christie J. Locked intramedullary nailing of open tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73:959-964.
12. Court-Brown CM, Wheelwright EF, Christie J, McQueen MM. External fixation for type III open tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1990;72:801-804.
13. Okike K, Bhattacharyya T. Trends in the management of open fractures. A critical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:2739-2748.
14. Stewart DG, Kay RM, Skaggs DL. Open fractures in children. Principles of evaluation and management. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87:2784-2798.
15. Worlock P, Slack R, Harvey L, Mawhinney R. The prevention of infection in open fractures: an experimental study of the effect of fracture stability. Injury 1994;25:31-38.
16. Francel TJ, Vander Kolk CA, Hoopes JE, Manson PN, Yaremchuk MJ. Microvascular soft-tissue transplantation for reconstruction of acute open tibial fractures: timing of coverage and long-term functional results. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89:478-487.
17. Gorman PW, Barnes CL, Fischer TJ, McAndrew MP, Moore MM. Soft-tissue reconstruction in severe lower extremity trauma. A review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989;57-64.
18. Sanders R, Swiontkowski M, Nunley J, Spiegel P. The management of fractures with soft-tissue disruptions. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993;75:778-789.
19. Small JO, Mollan RA. Management of the soft tissues in open tibial fractures. Br J Plast Surg 1992;45:571-577.
20. Seligson D, Ostermann PA, Henry SL, Wolley T. The management of open fractures associated with arterial injury requiring vascular repair. J Trauma 1994;37:938-940.
21. Gregory RT, Gould RJ, Peclet M, Wagner JS, Gilbert DA, Wheeler JR, Snyder SO, Gayle RG, Schwab CW. The mangled extremity syndrome (M.E.S.): a severity grading system for multisystem injury of the extremity. J Trauma 1985;25:1147-1150.
22. Howe HR, Poole GV, Hansen KJ, Clark T, Plonk GW, Koman LA, Pennell TC. Salvage of lower extremities following combined orthopedic and vascular trauma. A predictive salvage index. Am Surg 1987;53:205-208.
23. Johansen K, Daines M, Howey T, Helfet D, Hansen ST. Objective criteria accurately predict amputation following lower extremity trauma. J Trauma 1990;30:568-572.
24. Russell WL, Sailors DM, Whittle TB, Fisher DF, Burns RP. Limb salvage versus traumatic amputation. A decision based on a seven-part predictive index. Ann Surg 1991;213:473-480. discussion 80-81.
25. Trunkey DD, Chapman MW, Lim RC, Dunphy JE. Management of pelvic fractures in blunt trauma injury. J Trauma 1974;14:912-923.
26. Schopfer A, DiAngelo D, Hearn T, Powell J, Tile M. Biome chanical comparison of methods of fixation of isolated osteotomies of the posterior acetabular column. Int Orthop 1994;18:96-101.
27. Hak DJ, Olson SA, Matta JM. Diagnosis and management of closed internal degloving injuries associated with pelvic and acetabular fractures: the Morel-Lavallee lesion. J Trauma 1997;42:1046-1051.
28. Pennal GF, Tile M, Waddell JP, Garside H. Pelvic disruption: assessment and classification. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980;12-21.
29. Tile M. Acute Pelvic Fractures: I. Causation and Classification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996;4:143-151.
30. Hanson PB, Milne JC, Chapman MW. Open fractures of the pelvis. Review of 43 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73:325-329.
31. Rothenberger D, Velasco R, Strate R, Fischer RP, Perry JF Jr. Open pelvic fracture: a lethal injury. J Trauma 1978;18:184-187.
32. Maull KI, Sachatello CR, Ernst CB. The deep perineal laceration-an injury frequently associated with open pelvic fractures: a need for aggressive surgical management. A report of 12 cases and review of the literature. J Trauma 1977;17:685-696.
33. Oosterlee J, McGeehan DF, Robbs JV. Prevention of septic complications in massive pelvic-perineal injuries. Case reports. S Afr Med J 1984;66:147-150.
34. Richardson JD, Harty J, Amin M, Flint LM. Open pelvic fractures. J Trauma 1982;22:533-538.
35. Shrier I, Magder S. Pressure-flow relationships in in vitro model of compartment syndrome. J Appl Physiol 1995;79:214-221.
36. Matsen FA 3rd, Winquist RA, Krugmire RB Jr. Diagnosis and management of compartmental syndromes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1980;62:286-291.
37. Mubarak SJ, Owen CA. Double-incision fasciotomy of the leg for decompression in compartment syndromes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977;59:184-187.
38. Montgomery KD, Geerts WH, Potter HG, Helfet DL. Thromboembolic complications in patients with pelvic trauma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;68-87.
39. Rabinov K, Paulin S. Roentgen diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the leg. Arch Surg 1972;104:134-144.
40. Erdmann MW, Richardson J, Templeton J. Os calcis fractures: a randomized trial comparing conservative treatment with impulse compression of the foot. Injury 1992;23:305-307.
41. Palmer AJ, Koppenhagen K, Kirchhof B, Weber U, Bergemann R. Efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin, unfractionated heparin and warfarin for thrombo-embolism prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Haemostasis 1997;27:75-84.