2. Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology. Textbook of andrology. 2nd ed. Seoul: Koonja; 2010.
3. Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 1994;151:54-61.
4. Tan HM, Low WY, Ng CJ, Chen KK, Sugita M, Ishii N, Marumo K, Lee SW, Fisher W, Sand M. Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction (ED) and treatment seeking for ED in Asian men: the Asian Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study. J Sex Med 2007;4:1582-1592.
5. Ahn TY, Park JK, Lee SW, Hong JH, Park NC, Kim JJ, Park K, Park H, Hyun JS. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in Korean men: results of an epidemiological study. J Sex Med 2007;4:1269-1276.
6. Cho BL, Kim YS, Choi YS, Hong MH, Seo HG, Lee SY, Shin HC, Kim CH, Moon YS, Cha HS, Kim BS. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in primary care: results of a Korean study. Int J Impot Res 2003;15:323-328.
7. Roumeguere T, Wespes E, Carpentier Y, Hoffmann P, Schulman CC. Erectile dysfunction is associated with a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease risk. Eur Urol 2003;44:355-359.
9. Vlachopoulos C, Rokkas K, Ioakeimidis N, Stefanadis C. Inflam-mation, metabolic syndrome, erectile dysfunction, and coronary artery disease: common links. Eur Urol 2007;52:1590-1600.
10. Benvenuti F, Boncinelli L, Vignoli GC. Male sexual impotence in diabetes mellitus: vasculogenic versus neurogenic factors. Neurourol Urodyn 1993;12:145-151.
11. Cho NH, Ahn CW, Park JY, Ahn TY, Lee HW, Park TS, Kim IJ, Pomerantz K, Park C, Kimm KC, Choi DS. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Korean men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2006;23:198-203.
12. Wei M, Macera CA, Davis DR, Hornung CA, Nankin HR, Blair SN. Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as important predictors of erectile dysfunction. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:930-937.
13. Rosen RC, Fisher WA, Eardley I, Niederberger C, Nadel A, Sand M. Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) Study. The multinational Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study. I. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and related health concerns in the general population. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:607-617.
14. Seftel AD, Sun P, Swindle R. The prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and depression in men with erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2004;171((6 Pt 1):2341-2345.
15. Shiri R, Koskimaki J, Tammela TL, Hakkinen J, Auvinen A, Hakama M. Bidirectional relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2007;177:669-673.
16. Rosen R, Altwein J, Boyle P, Kirby RS, Lukacs B, Meuleman E, O'Leary MP, Puppo P, Robertson C, Giuliano F. Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction: the multinational survey of the aging male (MSAM-7). Eur Urol 2003;44:637-649.
17. Shiri R, Hakkinen JT, Hakama M, Huhtala H, Auvinen A, Tam-mela TL, Koskimaki J. Effect of lower urinary tract symptoms on the incidence of erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2005;174:205-209.
18. McVary KT. Erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH. Eur Urol 2005;47:838-845.
19. Braun MH, Sommer F, Haupt G, Mathers MJ, Reifenrath B, Engelmann UH. Lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction co-morbidity or typical "Aging Male" symptoms? Results of the "Cologne Male Survey" Eur Urol 2003;44:588-594.
20. Finger WW, Lund M, Slagle MA. Medications that may contri-bute to sexual disorders. A guide to assessment and treatment in family practice. J Fam Pract 1997;44:33-43.
21. Lue TF. Physiology of penile erection and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, editor. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Phila-delphia: WB Saunders; 2007. p. 718-749.
22. Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, Sandler HM, Northouse L, Hembroff L, Lin X, Greenfield TK, Litwin MS, Saigal CS, Mahadevan A, Klein E, Kibel A, Pisters LL, Kuban D, Kaplan I, Wood D, Ciezki J, Shah N, Wei JT. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1250-1261.
23. Chung TG, Lee TK, Chung S, Lee MS, Kim YS, Ahn TY. The Korean Version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF): reliability and validation study. Korean J Urol 1999;40:1334-1343.
24. Ahn TY, Lee DS, Kang WC, Hong JH, Kim YS. Validation of an abridged Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Korean J Urol 2001;42:535-540.
25. Meuleman EJ, Diemont WL. Investigation of erectile dysfunction. Diagnostic testing for vascular factors in erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 1995;22:803-819.
26. Hatzichristou DG, Saenz de Tejada I, Kupferman S, Namburi S, Pescatori ES, Udelson D, Goldstein I. In vivo assessment of trabecular smooth muscle tone, its application in pharmaco-cavernosometry and analysis of intracavernous pressure deter-minants. J Urol 1995;153:1126-1135.
27. Hatzichristou DG, Hatzimouratidis K, Ioannides E, Yannako-yorgos K, Dimitriadis G, Kalinderis A. Nocturnal penile tume-scence and rigidity monitoring in young potent volunteers: repro-ducibility, evaluation criteria and the effect of sexual intercourse. J Urol 1998;159:1921-1926.
28. Derby CA, Mohr BA, Goldstein I, Feldman HA, Johannes CB, McKinlay JB. Modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction: can lifestyle changes modify risk. Urology 2000;56:302-306.
29. Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, Greco EA, Bonifacio V, Aversa A, Isidori A, Fabbri A, Lenzi A. Effects of testosterone on sexual function in men: results of a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005;63:381-394.
30. Kovanecz I, Rambhatla A, Ferrini MG, Vernet D, Sanchez S, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Chronic daily tadalafil prevents the corporal fibrosis and veno-occlusive dysfunction that occurs after cavernosal nerve resection. BJU Int 2008;101:203-210.
31. Leungwattanakij S, Flynn V Jr, Hellstrom WJ. Intracavernosal injection and intraurethral therapy for erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 2001;28:343-354.