New anti-diabetic agents

Doo-Man Kim

doi:10.5124/jkma.2017.60.12.992

J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 60(12); 2017 > Article

Kim: New anti-diabetic agents

Pharmacotherapeutics

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2017; 60(12): 992-997.

Published online: December 14, 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2017.60.12.992

New anti-diabetic agents

Doo-Man Kim, MD

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Doo-Man Kim. dmjmsy@hanmail.net

Received November 16, 2017 Accepted November 30, 2017

Korean Medical Association

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is the most common cause of death in people with diabetes mellitus. Several clinical trials have addressed the long-term effects of near-normoglycemia on CVD, but did not find evidence of an effect. However, some recent clinical trials of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (EMPA-REG [Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Trial], CANVAS [Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study]) or glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (LEADER [Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results-A Long Term Evaluation], SUSTAIN-6 [Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes]) showed very promising results regarding the prevention of CVD. In this review, I discuss some of these new anti-diabetic agents and present clinical information regarding these drugs.

Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

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Figure 1

Antihyperglycemic therapy algorithm for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; TZD, thiazolidinedione; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; SU, sulfonylurea; AGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor; GLN, glinide (meglitinide). Reproduced from Ko SH, et al. Diabetes Metab J 2017;41:337-348, according to the Creative Commons license [5].