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Stem cells in musculoskeletal system for clinical application

Article information

J Korean Med Assoc. 2011;54(5):491-501
Publication date (electronic) : 2011 May 11
doi : https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2011.54.5.491
Byoung-Hyun Min, MD1, Tian Zhu Li, PhD2
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea.
2Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea.
Corresponding author: Byoung-Hyun Min, bhmin@ajou.ac.kr
Received 2011 January 26; Accepted 2011 February 15.

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of human tissue such as bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and fibroblasts. Various surgical techniques have been developed for the repair of the musculoskeletal system, but they can be often limited. Thus, the efforts that can be employed in treatment for MSCs population of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases are underway. Patients who have a musculoskeletal disease with low numbers of functional MSCs will be treated using a focus on cell-based therapy. The ideal clinical application is to engineer material/scaffolds that are capable of delivering therapeutic cells that can regenerate and repair damaged tissue. The ability related to MSCs differentiation using biomaterial systems offers a minimally invasive therapeutic option for diseases of the musculoskelecal system and tissue repair. Understanding the natural mechanisms for this delivery is essential to the success of tissue engineering biomaterials that deliver therapeutic cells.

Keywords: Stem cells; Musculoskeletal system; Tissue engineering

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Copyright © 2011 Korean Medical Association

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Figure 1

Figure 1

Exogenous and endogenous stem cell therapy for cartilage injury. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans in the specimens in vivo. The extracellular matrix (ECM) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) samples were cultured for 1 week in vitro before implantation in the backs of nude mice. The implanted specimens (n=5/time point/group) were retrieved at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after implantation. The specimens were processed to prepare thin sections, each 4 mm in thickness. The sections were stained with Safranin-O/fast green (first two columns) and hematoxylin/eosin (last column) to observe accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans and the distribution of cells, respectively. The stained images are presented as a whole sample (first columns, ×20) and at high magnification (second and last columns, ×200).

Figure 3

Figure 3

Histologic features of Safranin O/fast green staining for the implanted constructs at different time points. The specimens in the low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) groups were better with regard to accumulation of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix than were those in the non-LIUS groups. The effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chondrogenic differentiation seemed to be insignificant, regardless of LIUS.