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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Influenza

Article information

J Korean Med Assoc. 2010;53(1):43-51
Publication date (electronic) : 2010 January 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.1.43
Chang-Seop Lee, MD
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine/Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Korea. lcsmd@jbnu.ac.kr

Abstract

Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the millions of lives. On December 4th 2009, more than 207 countries and overseas territories have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, which has claimed at least 8768 lives. Up to this date, the pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 has spread throughout the world with unprecedented speed. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of this influenza virus is critical for minimizing further spread, combined with timely implementation of antiviral treatment and public health based measures. Recently, the percentage of oseltamivir-resistant human seasonal H1N1 has increased to 98.5% in USA, and 99.8% in Korea. Fortunately, the pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 is sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, including oseltamivir. However, the percentage oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 is expected to increase with time. In this review, the various diagnostic method and the antiviral agents that have been reported in the literature will be discussed.

Keywords: Influenza; Pandemic; Diagnosis; Treatment

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2010 Korean Medical Association

Table 1

Peoples who have medical conditions: People at high risk for developing flurelated complications

Table 1

Table 2

Comparison of available influenza diagnostic tests*

Table 2

*Serologic testing on paired acute- (within 1 week of illness onset) and convalescent-phase (collected 2~3 weeks later) sera is limited to epidemiological and research studies, is not routinely available through clinical laboratories, and should not inform clinical decisions.

Table 3

Antiviral resistance of influenza, Republic of Korea, 2008~2009 season (2009. 4. 4)

Table 3

Table 4

Interim recommendations for the selection of antiviral treatment using laboratory test results and viral surveillance data, United States, 2008~2009 season

Table 4

*Positive A+B indicates a rapid antigen test that cannot distinguish between influenza and influenza B viruses

Table 5

Antiviral medication dosing recommendations for treatment or chemoprophylaxis of 2009 H1N1 infection

Table 5