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J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 52(8); 2009 > Article
Ahn: Mental Disorders in Adolescents

Abstract

In spite of misconception and/or neglect concerning mental disorders of adolescence, increasing attention to adolescents' mental health problems arises from a number of sources. A perspective from developmental psychopathology provides a conceptual tool for understanding the range of processes and mechanism underlying how and why psychopathology in adolescents emerges. This will enable primary physicians to diagnose and/or provide treatments to adolescents with mental health problems in clinical practice. More information about mental disorders in adolescents will be needed for primary physicians in the future. Adolescents' mental disorders are significant societal problem. Physicians should perform a leadership in multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in adolescents.

References

1. Mash EJ, Dozois DJA. In: Mash EJ, Barkley RA, editor. Child psychopathology: A developmental-systemic perspective. Child Psychopathology 2003;2nd ed. New York: The Guilford Press. 3-71.

3. Remschmidt H, Belfer M. Mental health care for children and adolescents worldwide: A review. World Psychiatry 2005;4:147-153.

5. Volkmar FR, Lord C, Klin A, Schultz R, Cook EH. In: Martin A, Volkmar FR, editor. Autism and the pervasive developmental disorders. Lewis's child and adolescent psychiatry 2007;4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 383-400.

6. Skodol AE, Shaffer D, Gurland B. In: Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA, editor. Psychopathology Across the Life Cycle. Psychiatry 1997;Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 449-476.

10. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameters for the psychiatric assessment of children and adolescents. J Am Acad child Adolesc Psychiatr 1997;36:4-20.

11. Popper CW. Introduction: Therapeutic empiricism and therapeutic basics. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacology 1990;1:3-5.

14. Green WH. Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychopharmacology 1996;2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

Figure 1
Burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to specific causes by age and sex in the year 2000 (3).
jkma-52-745-g001-l.jpg
Table 1
Classification of mental disorders in adolescents
jkma-52-745-i001-l.jpg

MR: mental retardation, ASD: autism spectrum disorder, LLD: learning and language disorder, ADHD: attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, ODD: oppositional defiant disorder, CD: conduct disorder, SAD: separation anxiety disorder, AXDs: anxiety disorders, MDD: major depressive disorder, Tic/TS: tic disorder and Tourette disorder

Table 2
Prevalence and sex-ratio of mental disorders in adolescents
jkma-52-745-i002-l.jpg

Prevalence is estimated as following: very common, > 10%: common, 5~10%; less common, 2~5%: rare, 1~2%: very rare, < 1%

NK, not unknown (6).

Table 3
Classification of psychotropic drugs by effect
jkma-52-745-i003-l.jpg

*Not available in Korea

Table 4
Psychopharmacotherapy for DSM-IV diagnoses
jkma-52-745-i004-l.jpg

ADHD: attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, GAD: generalized anxiety disorder, MDD: major depressive disorder, TCAs: tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, DDAVP: desmopressin (14)



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