1. Thompsona G, Chochinov H. Dignity-based approaches in the care of terminally ill patients. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2008;2:49-53.
2. National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care. Clinical Practice Guidelines for quality palliative care, executive summary. J Palliat Med 2004;7:611-627.
3. Sullivan AM, Lakoma MD, Matsuyama RK, Rosenblatt L, Arnold RM, Block SD. Diagnosing and discussing imminent death in the hospital: a secondary analysis of physician interviews. J Palliat Med 2007;10:882-893.
4. Brandt HE, Ooms ME, Deliens L, van der Wal G, Ribbe MW. The last two days of life of nursing home patients a nationwide study on causes of death and burdensome symptoms in The Netherlands. Palliat Med 2006;20:533-540.
5. Koh SJ, Lee KS, Hong YS, Yoo YS, Park HJ. Clinical Change of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients at the End-of-life Time. Korean J Hosp Palliat Care 2008;11:99-105.
6. Doyle-Brown M. The transitional phase: the closing journey for patients and family caregivers. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17:354-357.
7. Knauft E, Nielsen EL, Engelberg RA, Patrick DL, Curtis JR. Barriers and facilitators to end-of-life care communication for patients with COPD. Chest 2005;127:2188-2196.
8. Paul JM. Death-Talks: Transformative Learning for Physicians. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2008;25:271-277.
9. Pitorak EF. Care at the time of death. Am J Nurs 2003;103:42-52. quiz 3.
10. Abrahm Janet I. A physician's guide to Pain and Symptom Management in Cancer Patients 2005;2nd ed. The John's Hopkins University Press.
11. Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999;282:1365-1370.
12. American College of Physicians. Parenteral nutrition in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:734-736.
13. McCann RM, Hall WJ, Groth-Juncker A. Comfort care for terminally ill patients. The appropriate use of nutrition and hydration. JAMA 1994;272:1263-1266.
14. Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Emanuel LL. Competency in endof-life care: last hours of life. J Palliat Med 2003;6:605-613.
15. Lawlor PG, Gagnon B, Mancini IL, Pereira JL, Hanson J, Suarez-Almazor ME, Bruera ED. Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:786-794.
16. White C, McCann MA, Jackson N. First do no harm. Terminal restlessness or drug-induced delirium. J Palliat Med 2007;10:345-351.
17. Brajtman S, Higuchi K, McPherson C. Caring for patients with terminal delirium: palliative care unit and home care nurses' experiences. Int J Palliat Nurs 2006;12:150-156.
18. de Graeff A, Dean M. Palliative sedation therapy in the last weeks of life: a literature review and recommendations for standards. J Palliat Med 2007;10:67-85.
19. Lonergan E, Britton AM, Luxenberg J, Wyller T. Antipsychotics for delirium. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;CD005594.
20. Stirling LC, Kurowska A, Tookman A. The use of phenobarbitone in the management of agitation and seizures at the end of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999;17:363-368.
21. Caraceni A, Simonetti F. Palliating delirium in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:164-172.
22. Thomas JR, von Gunten CF. Clinical management of dyspnoea. Lancet Oncol 2002;3:223-228.
23. Del Fabbro E, Dalal S, Bruera E. Symptom control in palliative care-Part III: dyspnea and delirium. J Palliat Med 2006;9:422-436.
24. Bruera E, Sala R, Spruyt O, Palmer JL, Zhang T, Willey J. Nebulized versus subcutaneous morphine for patients with cancer dyspnea: a preliminary study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2005;29:613-618.
25. Navigante AH, Cerchietti LC, Castro MA, Lutteral MA, Cabalar ME. Midazolam as adjunct therapy to morphine in the alleviation of severe dyspnea perception in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006;31:38-47.
26. Grond S, Zech D, Schug SA, Lynch J, Lehmann KA. Validation of World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain relief during the last days and hours of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 1991;6:411-422.
27. Cancer Pain Management Guideline. Ministry for health, welfare and family affair 2008;3rd ed.
www.cancer.go.kr
28. Hagen NA, Fisher K, Stiles C. Sublingual methadone for the management of cancer-related breakthrough pain: a pilot study. J Palliat Med 2007;10:331-337.
29. Bennett MI. Death rattle: an audit of hyoscine (scopolamine) use and review of management. J Pain Symptom Manage 1996;12:229-233.
30. Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, Chihara S. Risk factors for death rattle in terminally ill cancer patients: a prospective exploratory study. Palliat Med 2000;14:19-23.
31. Wildiers H, Menten J. Death rattle: prevalence, prevention and treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23:310-317.
32. Wee BL, Coleman PG, Hillier R, Holgate SH. The sound of death rattle I: are relatives distressed by hearing this sound? Palliat Med 2006;20:171-175.
33. Wee BL, Coleman PG, Hillier R, Holgate SH. The sound of death rattle II: how do relatives interpret the sound? Palliat Med 2006;20:177-181.
34. Wee B, Hillier R. Interventions for noisy breathing in patients near to death. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;CD005177.
35. Back IN, Jenkins K, Blower A, Beckhelling J. A study comparing hyoscine hydrobromide and glycopyrrolate in the treatment of death rattle. Palliat Med 2001;15:329-336.
36. Hugel H, Ellershaw J, Gambles M. Respiratory tract secretions in the dying patient: a comparison between glycopyrronium and hyoscine hydrobromide. J Palliat Med 2006;9:279-284.
37. Likar R, Rupacher E, Kager H, Molnar M, Pipam W, Sittl R. [Efficacy of glycopyrronium bromide and scopolamine hydrobromide in patients with death rattle: a randomized controlled study]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008;120:679-683.
38. Bickel K, Arnold RM. Death rattle and oral secretions--second edition #109. J Palliat Med 2008;11:1040-1041.
39. Ganzini L, Goy ER, Miller LL, Harvath TA, Jackson A, Delorit MA. Nurses' experiences with hospice patients who refuse food and fluids to hasten death. N Engl J Med 2003;349:359-365.
40. Georges JJ, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, van der Heide Heide, van der Wal G, van der Maas PJ. Symptoms, treatment and "dying peacefully" in terminally ill cancer patients: a prospective study. Support Care Cancer 2005;13:160-168.
41. Smith JL. In: Schonwetter RS, editor. The Process of Dying and Managing the Death Event. Hospice and Palliative Medicine: Core Curriculum and Review Syllabus. American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine 1999;Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. 159-166.