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Allergic Rhinitis

Article information

J Korean Med Assoc. 2006;49(4):358-366
Publication date (electronic) : 2006 April 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2006.49.4.358
Hun-Jong Dhong, M.D.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Korea. hjdhong@smc.samsung.co.kr

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is defined as an immunologic response moderated by IgE and is characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and nasal itching. Allergic rhinitis represents a global health problem. It is an extremely common disease worldwide affecting 10 to 25% of the population. Because of its increasing prevalence over the last decades, allergic rhinitis has been identified as one of the top ten reasons for visits to primary care clinics. Although allergic rhinitis is not a severe disease usually, it significantly affects the social life of patients and compromises school performance as well as work productivity. In addition, allergic rhinitis is associated with asthma, sinusitis, otitis media, nasal polyposis, lower respiratory tract infection and dental occlusion. Therefore, the cost incurred by rhinitis is substantial. Allergic rhinitis was previously classified into seasonal, perennial, and occupational. From a therapeutic point of view, however, it is often difficult to differentiate between seasonal and perennial symptoms. In 2001, therefore, a new classification has been proposed by the ARIA as 'ntermittent' or 'persistent' rhinitis. The severity of allergic rhinitis can be classified as 'mild' or 'moderate-severe' on the basis of symptoms as well as the quality of life of the patient. Treatment of allergic rhinitis involves allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and in selected cases, immunotherapy. Surgical procedures can be performed in refractory cases. This article reviews the predisposing factors to allergic rhinitis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and the recommended treatment options.

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Classification; Pharmacotherapy; Immunotherapy; Surgical procedure

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Copyright © 2006 Korean Medical Association

Table 1

Classification of allergic rhinitis

Table 1

Table 2

Treatment guidelines for allergic rhinitis

Table 2