Management of Foot and Ankle Disorders

Recently, So-called 'Hidden Joint' became emerging entities in orthopedic field due to improvement of public and medical awareness, and increasing socio-economic conditions. Anatomy of the Foot & Ankle consisted with 33 joints from 26 bones. Dilemma between static and dynamic functions of the foot and ankle resolved by complexities of biomechanics. Therefore, most important thing in diagnostic process is understanding of anatomy and biomechanics. Identification of pin-point tenderness, block test to each joints, provocation test in tendinopathies are effective tools in physical examination. And the 'concept of closed chain' in spine and lower extremities help physician to decide preferences. In this paper, some difficulties to descript every details about foot and ankle problems lead author to enumerate clinical tips in diagnosis and management about a few diseases confront frequently in practice in order to anatomical regions.