Retinopathy is the most common and vision threatening ocular complication of diabetes mellitus. Epidemiologic studies have described the natural history of diabetic retinopathy, and several well-designed clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy and tight metabolic control. New therapeutic trials are in progress. But it is one of the major causes of blindness in the adult population, which suggest the importance of early diagnosis and careful follow up examination as well as proper treatment in time.