Recent advances in norovirus infection

Tae Hee Han; Ju-Young Chung

doi:10.5124/jkma.2017.60.12.985

J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 60(12); 2017 > Article

Han and Chung: Recent advances in norovirus infection

Continuing Education Column

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2017; 60(12): 985-991.

Published online: December 14, 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2017.60.12.985

Recent advances in norovirus infection

Tae Hee Han, MD¹

, Ju-Young Chung, MD²

¹Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Sanggyepaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Pediatrics, Sanggyepaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Ju-Young Chung. chungjy@paik.ac.kr

Received November 06, 2017 Accepted November 20, 2017

Korean Medical Association

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Norovirus (NoV) infections are an important cause of epidemic and sporadic viral gastroenteritis and a major cause of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. NoV is characterized by genetic diversity, frequent mutations, and stability in a wide range of external environmental conditions. In recent years, a number of major advances that could overcome technical barriers have been made. The complex mechanisms of NoV pathogenesis and persistent infection involving interactions between the virus and the host immune system are being delineated. Human histo-blood group antigens, receptors for NoV attachment, play an important role in infection, which makes this interaction a critical target for the development of anti-NoV drugs. A number of vaccine candidates, chiefly based on virus-like particles, have entered phase 2 clinical development, and increasing efforts are being made to develop antiviral drugs. This review presents the current understanding of NoV immunology, epidemiology, therapeutic options, and vaccine development.

Norovirus; Gastroenteritis; Therapeutics

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