1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2024;74:229-263.
2. Hecht SS. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1194-1210.
4. Doll R, Hill AB. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report. Br Med J 1950;2:739-748.
5. Doll R, Hill AB. The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report. Br Med J 1954;1:1451-1455.
6. The Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. Smoking and health: report of the advisory committee to the surgeon general of the public health service. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1964.
8. Levin ML. The occurrence of lung cancer in man. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum 1953;9:531-541.
9. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2030. WHO; 2024.
10. Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S, et al. Tobacco smoking and cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2008;122:155-164.
12. Nam IC, Park JO, Kim CS, et al. Association of smoking status, duration and amount with the risk of head and neck cancer subtypes: a national population-based study. Am J Cancer Res 2022;12:4815-4824.
13. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: volume 83, tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC; 2004.
14. Wang QL, Xie SH, Li WT, Lagergren J. Smoking cessation and risk of esophageal cancer by histological type: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017;109:djx115.
16. Ferro A, Morais S, Rota M, et al. Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: meta-analyses of published data versus pooled analyses of individual participant data (StoP Project). Eur J Cancer Prev 2018;27:197-204.
17. Nishino Y, Inoue M, Tsuji I, et al. Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36:800-807.
19. Botteri E, Borroni E, Sloan EK, et al. Smoking and colorectal cancer risk, overall and by molecular subtypes: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:1940-1949.
20. Cheng J, Chen Y, Wang X, et al. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of cigarette smoking and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers. Eur J Cancer Prev 2015;24:6-15.
23. Lugo A, Peveri G, Bosetti C, et al. Strong excess risk of pancreatic cancer for low frequency and duration of cigarette smoking: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2018;104:117-126.
24. Zou L, Zhong R, Shen N, et al. Non-linear dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis of 42 observational studies. Eur J Cancer 2014;50:193-203.
26. Malevolti MC, Lugo A, Scala M, et al. Dose-risk relationships between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023;32:171-183.
28. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer, Beral V, Gaitskell K, et al. Ovarian cancer and smoking: individual participant meta-analysis including 28,114 women with ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:946-956.
29. Liu X, Peveri G, Bosetti C, et al. Dose-response relationships between cigarette smoking and kidney cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019;142:86-93.
31. Shi H, Shao X, Hong Y. Association between cigarette smoking and the susceptibility of acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019;23:10049-10057.
32. Colamesta V, D’Aguanno S, Breccia M, Bruffa S, Cartoni C, La Torre G. Do the smoking intensity and duration, the years since quitting, the methodological quality and the year of publication of the studies affect the results of the meta-analysis on cigarette smoking and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in adults? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016;99:376-388.
33. Qin L, Deng HY, Chen SJ, Wei W. Relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of chronic myeloid leukaemia: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Hematology 2017;22:193-200.
34. Cao B, Hill C, Bonaldi C, et al. Cancers attributable to tobacco smoking in France in 2015. Eur J Public Health 2018;28:707-712.
37. US Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking cessation: a report of the surgeon general. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2020.