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| J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 69(8); 2026 > Article |
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2025-00521818, RS-2025-00562556, RS-2024-00422549 and RS-2022-NR070489) and a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HR21C1003 and RS-2023-KH136690).
| Microorganism (taxon) | Direction | Associated pathology | Reference no. | Study design | Study population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | Decreased | MASH, hepatic fibrosis progression, increased intestinal permeability | [31,35,56] | Meta-analysis; prospective cohort study; human microbiome analysis and experimental study | MASLD (n=153), MASH (n=70), controls with obesity (n=58), and healthy controls (n=132); 86 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD; healthy controls (n=99) and patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n=45) |
| Akkermansia muciniphila | Decreased | Insulin resistance, metabolic endotoxemia, intestinal mucosal injury | [57,58] | Experimental studies in mouse models | |
| Ruminococcus gnavus | Increased | MASLD severity, hepatic steatosis, bile acid metabolism dysregulation | [33,59] | Case-control study; population-based cohort study | MASLD (n=210) and healthy controls (n=210); 1,355 adults from the Rotterdam Study |
| Escherichia/Shigella | Increased | Significant hepatic fibrosis (F2–F4), increased hepatic LPS burden | [30,32] | Cross-sectional study; case-control study | MASLD (n=156); NAFLD (n=57) |
| Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 | Increased | Independent predictive biomarker for MASLD (AUC, 0.78) | [29] | Population-based cohort study | 836 participants from the Rotterdam Study, including 260 with MASLD |
| Bilophila wadsworthia | Increased | High-fat diet-induced MASLD, increased intestinal permeability, H₂S production | [58,60] | Experimental studies in mouse models | |
| Lachnospira/Lachnospiraceae | Decreased | Significant hepatic fibrosis (F2–F4), reduced SCFA production | [30,34] | Cross-sectional study; case-control study | MASLD (n=156); healthy controls (n=7), overweight or obese participants (n=13), patients with MASLD without fibrosis (n=11), and patients with MASLD with fibrosis (n=9) |
| Ruminococcaceae | Decreased | Fibrosis progression, particularly in nonobese MASLD | [61] | Case-control study | Patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n=171) and non-NAFLD controls (n=31) |
| Bifidobacterium | Decreased | Reduced SCFA production, impaired intestinal barrier function, associated with NASH | [62,63] | Case-control studies | Healthy controls (n=25) and patients with NAFLD (n=32); healthy controls (n=22), patients with MASLD (n=90), patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; n=60), and patients with MASLD and CKD (n=30) |
| Prevotella copri | Increased | Advanced hepatic fibrosis; increased abundance during progression from pediatric MASLD to MASH | [31,64] | Meta-analysis; case-control study | MASLD (n=153), MASH (n=70), controls with obesity (n=58), and healthy controls (n=132); MASLD (n=25) and healthy controls (n=25) |
The table was created by the authors.
MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MASH, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; F2–F4, hepatic fibrosis stage 2-4; AUC, area under the curve; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; H₂S, hydrogen sulfide; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

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