Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological disorder and has a variety of identifiable causes such as diabetes, metabolic derangements, neurotoxic substances, and even genetic abnormalities. Even with a thorough evaluation, however, the underlying cause cannot be identified in a large portion of peripheral neuropathy. In addition to the diagnostic dilemma, the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with a variety of combinations of altered sensation, muscle weakness, and autonomic symptoms in peripheral neuropathy also makes it difficult to introduce an appropriate management. Treatments for peripheral neuropathy are categorized according to the underlying conditions and the strategies designed to relieve peripheral nerve pain irrespective of the cause. This article summarizes the mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain and current pharmacologic treatments including tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.