1. Gibbon JH Jr. The development of the heart-lung apparatus. Am J Surg 1978;135:608-619.
3. Barbaro RP, MacLaren G, Boonstra PS, Combes A, Agerstrand C, Annich G, Diaz R, Fan E, Hryniewicz K, Lorusso R, Paden ML, Stead CM, Swol J, Iwashyna TJ, Slutsky AS, Brodie D; Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19: evolving outcomes from the international Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry. Lancet 2021;398:1230-1238.
4. Bartlett RH, Gazzaniga AB, Huxtable RF, Schippers HC, O’Connor MJ, Jefferies MR. Extracorporeal circulation (ECMO) in neonatal respiratory failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1977;74:826-833.
5. Hill JD, O’Brien TG, Murray JJ, Dontigny L, Bramson ML, Osborn JJ, Gerbode F. Prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome). Use of the Bramson membrane lung. N Engl J Med 1972;286:629-634.
6. Zapol WM, Snider MT, Hill JD, Fallat RJ, Bartlett RH, Edmunds LH, Morris AH, Peirce EC 2nd, Thomas AN, Proctor HJ, Drinker PA, Pratt PC, Bagniewski A, Miller RG Jr. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure. A randomized prospective study. JAMA 1979;242:2193-2196.
7. Jung JS. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: past, present and future. Korean J Med 2015;88:651-657.
8. Australia and New Zealand Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ANZ ECMO) Influenza Investigators, Davies A, Jones D, Bailey M, Beca J, Bellomo R, Blackwell N, Forrest P, Gattas D, Granger E, Herkes R, Jackson A, McGuinness S, Nair P, Pellegrino V, Pettila V, Plunkett B, Pye R, Torzillo P, Webb S, Wilson M, Ziegenfuss M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 2009 influenza A(H1N1) acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA 2009;302:1888-1895.
9. Paden ML, Conrad SA, Rycus PT, Thiagarajan RR; ELSO Registry. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Report 2012. ASAIO J 2013;59:202-210.
10. Alshahrani MS, Sindi A, Alshamsi F, Al-Omari A, El Tahan M, Alahmadi B, Zein A, Khatani N, Al-Hameed F, Alamri S, Abdelzaher M, Alghamdi A, Alfousan F, Tash A, Tashkandi W, Alraddadi R, Lewis K, Badawee M, Arabi YM, Fan E, Alhazzani W. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Intensive Care 2018;8:3.
12. Lin TY, Horng FM, Chiu KM, Chu SH, Shieh JS. A simple modification of inflow cannula to reduce recirculation of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009;138:503-506.
13. Kim GW, Choi EY, Hong SB. The Treatment of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). Tuberc Respir Dis 2012;72:1-7.
14. Peek GJ, Mugford M, Tiruvoipati R, Wilson A, Allen E, Thalanany MM, Hibbert CL, Truesdale A, Clemens F, Cooper N, Firmin RK, Elbourne D; CESAR trial collaboration. Efficacy and economic assessment of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;374:1351-1363.
15. Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavoué S, Guervilly C, Da Silva D, Zafrani L, Tirot P, Veber B, Maury E, Levy B, Cohen Y, Richard C, Kalfon P, Bouadma L, Mehdaoui H, Beduneau G, Lebreton G, Brochard L, Ferguson ND, Fan E, Slutsky AS, Brodie D, Mercat A; EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1965-1975.
18. Weill D, Benden C, Corris PA, Dark JH, Davis RD, Keshavjee S, Lederer DJ, Mulligan MJ, Patterson GA, Singer LG, Snell GI, Verleden GM, Zamora MR, Glanville AR. A consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2014--an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015;34:1-15.
19. Brodie D, Slutsky AS, Combes A. Extracorporeal life support for adults with respiratory failure and related indications: a review. JAMA 2019;322:557-568.
20. Fuehner T, Kuehn C, Hadem J, Wiesner O, Gottlieb J, Tudorache I, Olsson KM, Greer M, Sommer W, Welte T, Haverich A, Hoeper MM, Warnecke G. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in awake patients as bridge to lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:763-768.
22. Schmidt M, Bailey M, Sheldrake J, Hodgson C, Aubron C, Rycus PT, Scheinkestel C, Cooper DJ, Brodie D, Pellegrino V, Combes A, Pilcher D. Predicting survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure. The Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) score. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;189:1374-1382.
24. Cho YJ, Moon JY, Shin ES, Kim JH, Jung H, Park SY, Kim HC, Sim YS, Rhee CK, Lim J, Lee SJ, Lee WY, Lee HJ, Kwak SH, Kang EK, Chung KS, Choi WI; The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Consensus Group. Clinical practice guideline of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Korean J Crit Care Med 2016;31:76-100.
25. Depta F, Turcan A, Torok P, Kapraľova P, Gentile MA. COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and programmed multi-level ventilation: a case report. Acute Crit Care 2022;Jan. 21. [Epub].
https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01109
26. Richard C, Argaud L, Blet A, Boulain T, Contentin L, Dechartres A, Dejode JM, Donetti L, Fartoukh M, Fletcher D, Kuteifan K, Lasocki S, Liet JM, Lukaszewicz AC, Mal H, Maury E, Osman D, Outin H, Richard JC, Schneider F, Tamion F. Extracorporeal life support for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: report of a Consensus Conference. Ann Intensive Care 2014;4:15.
27. Elliott A, Dahyia G, Kalra R, Alexy T, Bartos J, Kosmopoulos M, Yannopoulos D. Extracorporeal life support for cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. US Cardiol Rev 2021;15:13.
28. Baek MS, Lee SM, Chung CR, Cho WH, Cho YJ, Park S, Koo SM, Jung JS, Park SY, Chang Y, Kang BJ, Kim JH, Oh JY, Park SH, Yoo JW, Sim YS, Hong SB. Improvement in the survival rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-supported respiratory failure patients: a multicenter retrospective study in Korean patients. Crit Care 2019;23:1.
29. Jeon J, Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Hong SB. Recovery from acute respiratory distress syndrome with long-run extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Korean J Crit Care Med 2014;29:212-216.
30. Badulak J, Antonini MV, Stead CM, Shekerdemian L, Raman L, Paden ML, Agerstrand C, Bartlett RH, Barrett N, Combes A, Lorusso R, Mueller T, Ogino MT, Peek G, Pellegrino V, Rabie AA, Salazar L, Schmidt M, Shekar K, MacLaren G, Brodie D; ELSO COVID-19 Working Group Members. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19: updated 2021 guidelines from the extracorporeal life support organization. ASAIO J 2021;67:485-495.