2. Swingler RJ, Compston DA. The morbidity of multiple sclerosis. Q J Med 1992;83:325-337.
3. Kim W, Kim HJ. Multiple sclerosis. J Korean Med Assoc 2009;52:665-676.
4. Yu YL, Woo E, Hawkins BR, Ho HC, Huang CY. Multiple sclerosis amongst Chinese in Hong Kong. Brain 1989;112((Pt 6):1445-1467.
5. Kira J. Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population. Lancet Neurol 2003;2:117-127.
6. Compston A. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. In: McAlpine D, Compston A, Confavreux C, Lassmann H, McDonald I, editor. McAlpine's multiple sclerosis. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingston; 2006. p. 351-388.
7. Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Miyazawa I, Misu T, Narikawa K, Nakamura M, Watanabe S, Takahashi T, Nishiyama S, Shiga Y, Sato S, Weinshenker BG, Itoyama Y. Clinical and MRI features of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis positive for NMO-IgG. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:1073-1075.
8. Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF, Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG. The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:805-815.
10. Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Fujihara K, Nakashima I, Weinshenker BG. A serum auto-antibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004;364:2106-2112.
11. Kim KK. Optico-spinal multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2006;24:Supp 1. 66-69.
12. Carroll W, Saida T, Kim H, Kira J, Kermode A, Tsai C, Fujihara K, Kusunoki S, Tanaka M, Kim K, Bates D. A guide to facilitate the early treatment of patients with idiopathic demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica). Mult Scler 2013;01. 16. [Epub]. DOI:
10.1177/1352458512471092.
13. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi M, Fujihara K, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Lublin FD, Montalban X, O'Connor P, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Thompson AJ, Waubant E, Weinshenker B, Wolinsky JS. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol 2011;69:292-302.
14. McLean BN, Luxton RW, Thompson EJ. A study of immunoglobulin G in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1007 patients with suspected neurological disease using isoelectric focusing and the Log IgG-Index: a comparison and diagnostic applications. Brain 1990;113((Pt 5):1269-1289.
15. Montalban X, Tintore M, Swanton J, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, Filippi M, Frederiksen J, Kappos L, Palace J, Polman C, Rovaris M, de Stefano N, Thompson A, Yousry T, Rovira A, Miller DH. MRI criteria for MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2010;74:427-434.
16. Bagnato F, Jeffries N, Richert ND, Stone RD, Ohayon JM, McFarland HF, Frank JA. Evolution of T1 black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis imaged monthly for 4 years. Brain 2003;126((Pt 8):1782-1789.
17. Miller DH, Rudge P, Johnson G, Kendall BE, Macmanus DG, Moseley IF, Barnes D, McDonald WI. Serial gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1988;111((Pt 4):927-939.
18. Compston A. Disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. In: McAlpine D, Compston A, Confavreux C, Lassmann H, McDonald I, editor. McAlpine's multiple sclerosis. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingston; 2006. p. 729-810.
19. Croze E, Yamaguchi KD, Knappertz V, Reder AT, Salamon H. Interferon-beta-1b-induced short- and long-term signatures of treatment activity in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacogenomics J 2012;06. 19. [Epub]. DOI:
10.1038/tpj.2012.27.
20. Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, Polman C, Hohlfeld R, Calabresi P, Selmaj K, Agoropoulou C, Leyk M, Zhang-Auberson L, Burtin P. FREEDOMS Study Group. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:387-401.
21. Oh J, O'Connor PW. An update of teriflunomide for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2013;9:177-190.
22. Killestein J, Rudick RA, Polman CH. Oral treatment for multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:1026-1034.
23. Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH, Phillips JT, Lublin FD, Giovannoni G, Wajgt A, Toal M, Lynn F, Panzara MA, Sandrock AW. AFFIRM Investigators. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:899-910.