J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 64(4); 2021 > Article |
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HRCT pattern | CT feature | |
---|---|---|
UIP | Predominant subpleural and basal distribution; heterogeneousa) | |
Honeycombing ± peripheral bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasisb) | ||
Probable UIP | Predominant subpleural and basal distribution; heterogeneousa) | |
Reticulation + peripheral bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis | ||
Mild GGO | ||
Indeterminate for UIP | Predominant subpleural and basal distribution | |
Fine reticulation with mild GGO without apparent fibrosis (early UIP) | ||
CT features do not suggest any distinct etiology | ||
Alternative diagnosis | Features suggest another diagnosis | |
Features suggest another diagnosis | ||
Forms: cysts, mosaic attenuation, predominant GGO, neumerous micronodules, centrilobular nodules, nodules, consolidation | ||
Predominant distribution: peribronchovascular, perilymphatic, upper and mid-lung | ||
Other: pleural plaques (asbestosis), dilated esophagus (CTD), lymph nodule enlargement, pleural effusion, thickening (CTD/drug) |
HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; ATS, American Thoracic Society; ERS, European Respiratory Society; JRS, Japanese Respiratory Society; ALAT, Latin American Thoracic Society; CT, computed tomography; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia; GGO, ground glass opacity; CTD, connective tissue disease.
a) Occasionally diffuse, may be asymmetrical [3].
b) Superimposed CT features: mild GGO, reticular pattern, pulmonary ossification [3].
Suspected IPFa) | HRCT pattern | Histopathologic pattern |
---|---|---|
IPF | UIP | UIP |
Probable UIP | ||
Indeterminate for UIP | ||
Probable UIP | UIP | |
Probable UIP | ||
Indeterminate for UIP | UIP | |
IPF (likely)b) | Probable UIP | Indeterminate for UIP |
Indeterminate for UIP | Probable UIP | |
Alternative diagnosis | UIP | |
Indeterminatec) | Indeterminate for UIP | Indeterminate for UIP |
Non IPF | UIP | Alternative diagnosis |
Probable UIP | Alternative diagnosis | |
Indeterminate for UIP | Alternative diagnosis | |
Alternative diagnosis | UIP | |
Probable UIP | ||
Indeterminate for UIP | ||
Alternative diagnosis |
HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.
a) Clinically suspected IPF: patients with unexplained symptomatic or asymptomatic bilateral pulmonary fibrosis on chest X-ray or HRCT scan, bibasilar inspiratory crackles, and age typically older than 60 years. (40-60 years, in case of a family history of pulmonary fibrosis) [3].
b) Likely diagnosis of IPF: presence of any one of the following features [3]: moderate-to-severe traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis in men over age 50 years or in women over age 60 years; extensive (0.30%) reticulation on HRCT and age over 70 years; increased neutrophils and/or absence of lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; multidisciplinary discussion concludes a confident diagnosis of IPF.
c) Indeterminate [3], that is, unlikely to be IPF without an adequate biopsy; with an adequate biopsy, this may be reclassified to a more specific diagnosis after multidisciplinary discussion.
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