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| J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 64(4); 2021 > Article |
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| HRCT pattern | CT feature | |
|---|---|---|
| UIP | Predominant subpleural and basal distribution; heterogeneousa) | |
| Honeycombing ± peripheral bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasisb) | ||
| Probable UIP | Predominant subpleural and basal distribution; heterogeneousa) | |
| Reticulation + peripheral bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis | ||
| Mild GGO | ||
| Indeterminate for UIP | Predominant subpleural and basal distribution | |
| Fine reticulation with mild GGO without apparent fibrosis (early UIP) | ||
| CT features do not suggest any distinct etiology | ||
| Alternative diagnosis | Features suggest another diagnosis | |
| Features suggest another diagnosis | ||
| Forms: cysts, mosaic attenuation, predominant GGO, neumerous micronodules, centrilobular nodules, nodules, consolidation | ||
| Predominant distribution: peribronchovascular, perilymphatic, upper and mid-lung | ||
| Other: pleural plaques (asbestosis), dilated esophagus (CTD), lymph nodule enlargement, pleural effusion, thickening (CTD/drug) | ||
HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; ATS, American Thoracic Society; ERS, European Respiratory Society; JRS, Japanese Respiratory Society; ALAT, Latin American Thoracic Society; CT, computed tomography; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia; GGO, ground glass opacity; CTD, connective tissue disease.
a) Occasionally diffuse, may be asymmetrical [3].
b) Superimposed CT features: mild GGO, reticular pattern, pulmonary ossification [3].
| Suspected IPFa) | HRCT pattern | Histopathologic pattern |
|---|---|---|
| IPF | UIP | UIP |
| Probable UIP | ||
| Indeterminate for UIP | ||
| Probable UIP | UIP | |
| Probable UIP | ||
| Indeterminate for UIP | UIP | |
| IPF (likely)b) | Probable UIP | Indeterminate for UIP |
| Indeterminate for UIP | Probable UIP | |
| Alternative diagnosis | UIP | |
| Indeterminatec) | Indeterminate for UIP | Indeterminate for UIP |
| Non IPF | UIP | Alternative diagnosis |
| Probable UIP | Alternative diagnosis | |
| Indeterminate for UIP | Alternative diagnosis | |
| Alternative diagnosis | UIP | |
| Probable UIP | ||
| Indeterminate for UIP | ||
| Alternative diagnosis |
HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.
a) Clinically suspected IPF: patients with unexplained symptomatic or asymptomatic bilateral pulmonary fibrosis on chest X-ray or HRCT scan, bibasilar inspiratory crackles, and age typically older than 60 years. (40–60 years, in case of a family history of pulmonary fibrosis) [3].
b) Likely diagnosis of IPF: presence of any one of the following features [3]: moderate-to-severe traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis in men over age 50 years or in women over age 60 years; extensive (0.30%) reticulation on HRCT and age over 70 years; increased neutrophils and/or absence of lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; multidisciplinary discussion concludes a confident diagnosis of IPF.
c) Indeterminate [3], that is, unlikely to be IPF without an adequate biopsy; with an adequate biopsy, this may be reclassified to a more specific diagnosis after multidisciplinary discussion.
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